What type of heat pumps exist?
1. WATER SOURCE HEAT PUMPS.
The water source heat pumps are the most efficient heat pumps.
In their case the evaporating and condensation of the refrigerant is made by the help of coolant- water or antifreeze, both the energy source side, and the heat pump’s side. They have reversible valve, which is used for switching from heating to cooling mode. Their Efficiency can reach up to 1:5. Their only disadvantage is the need of underground water source.
2. AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMPS (CHILLERS)
The air source heat pumps are suitable for use in lack of enough underground waters. In their case the evaporating and condensation of the refrigerant is made by the help of the air, as in the side of its use with the help of coolant- water or antifreeze. They have built in reversible valve, which is used for switching from heating to cooling mode.
Their main disadvantage is: less efficiency in low temperatures.
There are several types of air source heat pumps:
2.1. Ordinary air source heat pumps:
The classical and cheapest units. They work most effectively in temperatures above -12oC. They use automatic reversing defrosting mode.
2.2. Air source heat pumps with heat recovery.
This type of units have additional heat exchanger that uses the heat, produced by the compressors work itself, for heating domestic hot water. This energy in other cases is lost in the atmosphere, especially in cooling mode. They use electric heaters, built in the air condenser for defrosting. That makes their work possible even in temperatures less than –20oC.
2.3. Inverter air source heat pumps (chillers).
Those are air source heat pumps with automatic regulation to the rpm of the compressor. This way in every moment is regulate the exact energy quantity, needed for heating and cooling. Their efficiency comes up to 1,4:5.
All types of heat pumps are integral and essential part of the acclimatisation installation of the building. They deliver the energy or withdraw the excess one with the help of liquid coolant- water or antifreeze- to the rooms where the heat exchanging process is made by terminals- fan coils. They can’t work on their own without mounted inner tube installation.
They are most effective with solar collectors.
